Denying the Antecedent
If a premise implies a result but the premise does not happen, do not assume the result cannot still happen.
Entries by Tom Waters
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
Assuming that because something happened first, it caused whatever happened next.
Relative Privation
Justifying something bad because worse things exist by comparison.
Distinction Without a Difference
Focusing on the use of one term over another when they both define the same concept.
Loaded Language
Using language where an assumption is built-in to guide a desired answer.
Syntactic Ambiguity
When a sentence has multiple interpretations.
Circular Reasoning
Creating an explanation that only supports a claim because it supports the claim.
Argument by Assertion
Wearing a perception down through repetition.
Appeal to Money
The assumption that because someone is rich, their insights are more valid.
Appeal to Gravity
The assumption that only people who take things very seriously can make accurate or valid points.